一、概(gai)述(shu)
交(jiao)流鼠籠式異步電(dian)動(dong)機如果直接起動(dong)會產(chan)生很(hen)大沖擊(ji)電(dian)流，會對電(dian)阻及其負載(zai)造(zao)成沖擊(ji)，甚至(zhi)危(wei)害電(dian)網安全運行。生產(chan)機械(xie)(xie)對電(dian)動(dong)機的起動(dong)也有各(ge)種不(bu)同(tong)的要求，有些需要平穩起動(dong)的生產(chan)機械(xie)(xie)也不(bu)允(yun)許直接起動(dong)。
星(xing)-三角(jiao)轉換起(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)，自藕(ou)變壓器降壓起(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)的主要問題是(shi)起(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)過程中起(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和(he)運行電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓轉換時的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)沖擊(ji)，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)和(he)機械產(chan)生沖擊(ji)，產(chan)生損(sun)害。應用晶閘管交流(liu)調(diao)壓技術的固態軟起(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)器，是(shi)目(mu)前降壓起(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)方式中合理、先(xian)進(jin)的起(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)方式。
二、工作原理(li)
軟啟動(dong)調速實際上是(shi)—個(ge)(ge)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)交流(liu)調壓(ya)(ya)器。改變晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)的(de)觸發角，就可調節晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)調壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。用(yong)軟(ruan)起(qi)(qi)動(dong)器起(qi)(qi)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)時(shi)(shi)：設置一(yi)個(ge)(ge)初始(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)調壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)就從這(zhe)一(yi)點(dian)開始(shi)上升；設置一(yi)個(ge)(ge)升壓(ya)(ya)時(shi)(shi)間，逐漸(jian)增加晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)調壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)逐漸(jian)加速；設置—個(ge)(ge)限(xian)流(liu)倍數，根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)互感(gan)器測得的(de)實際電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)值，控制晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)調壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)實際電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)不超過(guo)限(xian)流(liu)值。這(zhe)樣在(zai)整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)起(qi)(qi)動(dong)過(guo)程中，軟(ruan)啟動(dong)柜的(de)輸(shu)出是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)平滑的(de)升壓(ya)(ya)過(guo)程（且具有限(xian)流(liu)功能），直到晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)全導通(tong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)在(zai)額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)下工作(zuo)。

典型應用簡介
水(shui)泵(beng)：利(li)用(yong)泵(beng)控制功(gong)能，在起動和(he)停止時，減少液(ye)流沖擊所產生的泵(beng)流水(shui)錘現(xian)象，節省了(le)系統維(wei)修費用(yong)； 
球磨(mo)機：利用(yong)電壓斜坡起動，減少齒輪轉矩的磨(mo)損，減少維修工作量延(yan)長使用(yong)壽(shou)命； 
風機(ji)：利(li)用固態(tai)軟(ruan)起動器(qi)取代了傳統起動器(qi)，減少皮帶磨(mo)損(sun)和機(ji)械沖擊； 
壓縮機：利用(yong)限流，實現了平滑起動，降低電機溫(wen)升； 
破(po)碎機(ji)：利用堵轉保護和(he)快速保護，避免機(ji)械(xie)故(gu)障和(he)阻塞造成電(dian)動機(ji)過熱而燒毀； 
輸送機械(xie)：利用(yong)軟起動(dong)和軟停機控制，實現平滑漸進的起動(dong)過程(cheng)和平滑減速的停車過程(cheng)，避免了因沖擊而(er)對物(wu)料(liao)和設備造成的損傷.