一(yi)、概述(shu)
交流鼠籠式(shi)異步電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)如果直(zhi)接(jie)起(qi)動(dong)會產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)很大(da)沖擊電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，會對電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻及其負載造成沖擊，甚至危(wei)害電(dian)(dian)(dian)網安全(quan)運行(xing)。生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)機(ji)(ji)械對電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)起(qi)動(dong)也(ye)有各種(zhong)不同(tong)的(de)要求(qiu)，有些需要平穩起(qi)動(dong)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)機(ji)(ji)械也(ye)不允許直(zhi)接(jie)起(qi)動(dong)。
星-三角轉換(huan)起動(dong)(dong)，自(zi)藕變壓(ya)器(qi)降(jiang)壓(ya)起動(dong)(dong)的(de)主要問題是起動(dong)(dong)過程中起動(dong)(dong)電壓(ya)和運行電壓(ya)轉換(huan)時的(de)電流沖擊，對電網(wang)和機械產生沖擊，產生損害。應用(yong)晶閘管(guan)交流調壓(ya)技(ji)術的(de)固態(tai)軟(ruan)起動(dong)(dong)器(qi)，是目前降(jiang)壓(ya)起動(dong)(dong)方(fang)式(shi)中合理、先進的(de)起動(dong)(dong)方(fang)式(shi)。
二(er)、工(gong)作原理
軟啟動調(diao)(diao)(diao)速實際上是(shi)—個晶(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)交(jiao)流(liu)調(diao)(diao)(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)。改變晶(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)觸發(fa)角，就(jiu)可調(diao)(diao)(diao)節晶(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)調(diao)(diao)(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。用軟起(qi)動(dong)器(qi)起(qi)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)時：設置(zhi)一個初(chu)始電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，晶(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)調(diao)(diao)(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)就(jiu)從這(zhe)一點開始上升(sheng)；設置(zhi)一個升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)時間，逐漸增加晶(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)調(diao)(diao)(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)逐漸加速；設置(zhi)—個限(xian)流(liu)倍數，根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)互感器(qi)測得的(de)(de)實際電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)值，控制晶(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)調(diao)(diao)(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)實際電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)不超過(guo)(guo)限(xian)流(liu)值。這(zhe)樣在整(zheng)個起(qi)動(dong)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)，軟啟(qi)動(dong)柜的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出是(shi)一個平滑的(de)(de)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)過(guo)(guo)程（且具有限(xian)流(liu)功能），直到(dao)晶(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)全導通，電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)在額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)下工作。

典型應(ying)用(yong)簡介
水(shui)泵：利用泵控制功能，在(zai)起動(dong)和停(ting)止時(shi)，減少液流沖擊所產生的泵流水(shui)錘現(xian)象，節省了系統維修(xiu)費用； 
球磨機：利用(yong)電(dian)壓(ya)斜坡起動，減(jian)少齒輪轉矩的磨損，減(jian)少維(wei)修工作量延長使(shi)用(yong)壽命； 
風機：利用固態軟起(qi)動器(qi)取(qu)代了傳(chuan)統起(qi)動器(qi)，減少皮(pi)帶(dai)磨損(sun)和(he)機械沖擊； 
壓(ya)縮機：利用(yong)限(xian)流，實(shi)現(xian)了平(ping)滑起動，降低電機溫升； 
破碎機：利(li)用堵轉保護和(he)快速保護，避免機械故障(zhang)和(he)阻塞造成電動機過熱而燒(shao)毀； 
輸送(song)機械(xie)：利(li)用軟(ruan)起動(dong)和(he)(he)軟(ruan)停(ting)機控制，實(shi)現平滑漸(jian)進的(de)起動(dong)過程和(he)(he)平滑減速的(de)停(ting)車過程，避(bi)免了因沖擊而(er)對(dui)物料和(he)(he)設備造成的(de)損傷.