一、概述
交流鼠籠式(shi)異步電動(dong)(dong)機如果直接起(qi)動(dong)(dong)會(hui)產生(sheng)很(hen)大沖擊電流，會(hui)對電阻及(ji)其負載造(zao)成沖擊，甚(shen)至危害(hai)電網安全運行。生(sheng)產機械(xie)對電動(dong)(dong)機的(de)(de)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)也有各種不同的(de)(de)要求，有些(xie)需要平穩起(qi)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)生(sheng)產機械(xie)也不允許直接起(qi)動(dong)(dong)。
星-三(san)角轉換起(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)，自藕變壓器降壓起(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)的主要(yao)問題(ti)是(shi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)過程中起(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)壓和運行電(dian)壓轉換時的電(dian)流沖擊(ji)(ji)，對電(dian)網(wang)和機械產生沖擊(ji)(ji)，產生損害。應用晶閘管(guan)交流調(diao)壓技術的固(gu)態(tai)軟(ruan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)器，是(shi)目(mu)前降壓起(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)方式中合理、先進的起(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)方式。
二(er)、工作原理
軟啟動調(diao)(diao)(diao)速實際(ji)(ji)上是(shi)—個晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘管(guan)(guan)交流(liu)(liu)調(diao)(diao)(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器。改變晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)觸發角(jiao)，就(jiu)可調(diao)(diao)(diao)節晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘管(guan)(guan)調(diao)(diao)(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。用軟(ruan)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)器起(qi)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機時：設置一(yi)個初始(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘管(guan)(guan)調(diao)(diao)(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)就(jiu)從這一(yi)點開始(shi)上升(sheng)；設置一(yi)個升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)時間(jian)，逐漸增(zeng)加(jia)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘管(guan)(guan)調(diao)(diao)(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機逐漸加(jia)速；設置—個限流(liu)(liu)倍數，根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)互感器測得的(de)(de)實際(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)值，控制晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘管(guan)(guan)調(diao)(diao)(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)實際(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)不超過(guo)限流(liu)(liu)值。這樣(yang)在整個起(qi)動(dong)(dong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中，軟(ruan)啟動(dong)(dong)柜(ju)的(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)是(shi)一(yi)個平滑(hua)的(de)(de)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)（且具有限流(liu)(liu)功能(neng)），直到晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘管(guan)(guan)全導(dao)通，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機在額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)工作(zuo)。

典型應用(yong)簡(jian)介
水(shui)泵：利用泵控制功能，在起動和停(ting)止時，減(jian)少液流(liu)沖擊所(suo)產生的泵流(liu)水(shui)錘現象，節省了系統維修(xiu)費用； 
球磨機：利(li)用電壓斜坡起動，減少(shao)齒(chi)輪轉(zhuan)矩(ju)的(de)磨損，減少(shao)維修工作(zuo)量延(yan)長(chang)使用壽命(ming)； 
風機：利用固態軟起動器取代了傳統起動器，減少皮(pi)帶磨(mo)損和(he)機械沖擊； 
壓縮(suo)機：利用限流，實現(xian)了(le)平滑(hua)起動，降低電機溫升(sheng)； 
破碎機：利用堵(du)轉保護(hu)和快速保護(hu)，避免機械故障和阻(zu)塞造成(cheng)電(dian)動機過熱(re)而(er)燒毀； 
輸送(song)機(ji)械：利用(yong)軟起(qi)動和軟停機(ji)控制(zhi)，實現平(ping)滑(hua)漸進(jin)的起(qi)動過程(cheng)和平(ping)滑(hua)減速的停車過程(cheng)，避免了因沖擊而(er)對物(wu)料和設備造成的損傷.