一(yi)、概述(shu)
交流鼠籠式(shi)異步電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)如果直接起動(dong)(dong)(dong)會產生(sheng)很(hen)大沖擊電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，會對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻及其負載造成沖擊，甚至危害電(dian)(dian)(dian)網安全運行。生(sheng)產機(ji)械(xie)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)起動(dong)(dong)(dong)也有(you)各(ge)種不同的(de)(de)要求，有(you)些(xie)需(xu)要平穩起動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)生(sheng)產機(ji)械(xie)也不允許直接起動(dong)(dong)(dong)。
星-三角轉(zhuan)換起(qi)(qi)動(dong)，自藕變壓(ya)(ya)器降壓(ya)(ya)起(qi)(qi)動(dong)的(de)主(zhu)要問(wen)題是起(qi)(qi)動(dong)過程中起(qi)(qi)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)和運行電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)轉(zhuan)換時(shi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)沖(chong)擊(ji)，對電(dian)(dian)網和機械(xie)產生(sheng)沖(chong)擊(ji)，產生(sheng)損害。應用晶閘管交流(liu)(liu)調壓(ya)(ya)技(ji)術的(de)固態軟起(qi)(qi)動(dong)器，是目前降壓(ya)(ya)起(qi)(qi)動(dong)方式中合理、先進的(de)起(qi)(qi)動(dong)方式。
二、工作(zuo)原理(li)
軟(ruan)啟動調(diao)速(su)實(shi)際(ji)上是—個(ge)晶閘(zha)管交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)。改(gai)變晶閘(zha)管的(de)(de)(de)觸發角，就可調(diao)節(jie)晶閘(zha)管調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。用軟起動器(qi)(qi)起動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)時(shi)：設置一(yi)(yi)個(ge)初始(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，晶閘(zha)管調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)就從這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)點開始(shi)上升；設置一(yi)(yi)個(ge)升壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)時(shi)間，逐漸增加晶閘(zha)管調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)逐漸加速(su)；設置—個(ge)限(xian)(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)倍數，根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)互感器(qi)(qi)測得的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)值，控制晶閘(zha)管調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)不超過(guo)限(xian)(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)值。這(zhe)樣在整(zheng)個(ge)起動過(guo)程中，軟啟動柜的(de)(de)(de)輸出(chu)是一(yi)(yi)個(ge)平滑的(de)(de)(de)升壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)過(guo)程（且具有限(xian)(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)功能），直到晶閘(zha)管全(quan)導通，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)在額(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下工作。

典型應用簡介
水泵：利(li)用泵控制功能，在(zai)起動和停(ting)止時，減少液流(liu)(liu)沖擊所產生的泵流(liu)(liu)水錘現象，節省了系統(tong)維修費用； 
球磨機(ji)：利(li)用電壓斜坡起動，減少齒輪(lun)轉矩的磨損，減少維修工(gong)作量延長使用壽命； 
風機：利用(yong)固態軟(ruan)起動(dong)(dong)器取代了(le)傳統起動(dong)(dong)器，減(jian)少(shao)皮(pi)帶磨損和機械(xie)沖(chong)擊； 
壓縮機(ji)：利用限流，實現了平滑起動(dong)，降低電機(ji)溫升； 
破碎機：利用堵轉保護(hu)和(he)快速保護(hu)，避免(mian)機械故(gu)障和(he)阻塞造成電動機過熱而燒毀(hui)； 
輸(shu)送(song)機(ji)械：利用(yong)軟(ruan)起(qi)(qi)動和軟(ruan)停機(ji)控制，實現平滑(hua)漸(jian)進的起(qi)(qi)動過程和平滑(hua)減速的停車過程，避免了因沖擊而對物料和設(she)備造(zao)成(cheng)的損傷(shang).