一、概(gai)述(shu)
交流鼠籠式異步電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機如果直接(jie)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)會(hui)產生(sheng)(sheng)很(hen)大沖擊電(dian)流，會(hui)對(dui)電(dian)阻及其負載造(zao)成沖擊，甚至危(wei)害電(dian)網安全運行。生(sheng)(sheng)產機械(xie)(xie)對(dui)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機的起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)也有各種不同的要求，有些需要平穩起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的生(sheng)(sheng)產機械(xie)(xie)也不允許直接(jie)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。
星-三角轉(zhuan)換(huan)起(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，自藕變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)降壓(ya)(ya)起(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)主要問題(ti)是起(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)過程中起(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)電壓(ya)(ya)和運(yun)行(xing)電壓(ya)(ya)轉(zhuan)換(huan)時(shi)的(de)電流(liu)沖擊，對電網(wang)和機械(xie)產生(sheng)沖擊，產生(sheng)損害。應用晶閘(zha)管(guan)交流(liu)調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)技術的(de)固態軟(ruan)起(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)，是目前降壓(ya)(ya)起(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)方式中合(he)理、先進的(de)起(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)方式。
二、工(gong)作原理
軟啟動調速實(shi)際(ji)上是(shi)—個(ge)晶閘(zha)(zha)管交流(liu)(liu)調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)。改(gai)變(bian)晶閘(zha)(zha)管的(de)(de)觸發角，就(jiu)可(ke)調節晶閘(zha)(zha)管調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。用(yong)軟起動(dong)器(qi)起動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)時：設置一(yi)個(ge)初始電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，晶閘(zha)(zha)管調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)就(jiu)從(cong)這一(yi)點(dian)開(kai)始上升；設置一(yi)個(ge)升壓(ya)(ya)(ya)時間，逐漸增加晶閘(zha)(zha)管調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)逐漸加速；設置—個(ge)限流(liu)(liu)倍數，根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)互感(gan)器(qi)測得的(de)(de)實(shi)際(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)值，控制(zhi)晶閘(zha)(zha)管調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)實(shi)際(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)不(bu)超(chao)過限流(liu)(liu)值。這樣在整個(ge)起動(dong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，軟啟動(dong)柜的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)平滑(hua)的(de)(de)升壓(ya)(ya)(ya)過程(cheng)（且具有限流(liu)(liu)功能），直到晶閘(zha)(zha)管全(quan)導通(tong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)在額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)下工作。

典型應用簡介
水泵：利用泵控(kong)制功能，在起動和停止時，減少液流沖(chong)擊所產生(sheng)的泵流水錘現象，節省了系統維修(xiu)費用； 
球磨機：利用電壓斜坡(po)起動，減少齒(chi)輪(lun)轉矩的磨損，減少維修工(gong)作量(liang)延長使用壽(shou)命(ming)； 
風機：利用固態軟起動器取代了傳統起動器，減少皮帶磨損和機械沖擊； 
壓縮機：利用限(xian)流(liu)，實現了平(ping)滑起動，降(jiang)低(di)電(dian)機溫(wen)升； 
破碎機(ji)：利用堵轉(zhuan)保(bao)護(hu)和快速保(bao)護(hu)，避(bi)免機(ji)械故障和阻塞造成電(dian)動機(ji)過熱而燒毀； 
輸送機械：利用軟(ruan)起動(dong)和軟(ruan)停(ting)機控制，實現平滑漸(jian)進的(de)起動(dong)過(guo)程和平滑減速的(de)停(ting)車過(guo)程，避(bi)免(mian)了因沖擊(ji)而對物料和設備造成的(de)損(sun)傷.