在低壓(ya)配電(dian)部分(fen)有進線柜、出線柜、當(dang)然也少不了(le)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)嘗柜，那么(me)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)償柜有什么(me)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)呢，下面來看(kan)看(kan)襄(xiang)陽(yang)拓邦電(dian)容(rong)(rong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)償柜生(sheng)產廠家(jia)是(shi)(shi)怎(zen)么(me)介紹的(de)吧！顧名思意就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)起(qi)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)嘗作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)的(de)，先來看(kan)看(kan)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)嘗原(yuan)理，電(dian)容(rong)(rong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)嘗時(shi)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)和負載是(shi)(shi)并聯連接的(de)，電(dian)容(rong)(rong)就(jiu)和電(dian)庫一(yi)樣(yang)，當(dang)負載增大時(shi)，由于(yu)電(dian)源存在內(nei)阻，電(dian)源輸(shu)出電(dian)壓(ya)就(jiu)會(hui)下降(jiang)(jiang)，由于(yu)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)的(de)兩端要維持原(yuan)來的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)，也就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)內(nei)的(de)電(dian)畺要流出一(yi)部分(fen)，延緩了(le)電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)下降(jiang)(jiang)趨勢，就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)嘗原(yuan)理。

01.電力電容器的(de)補償原(yuan)理

電(dian)容器(qi)在原理(li)上相當于(yu)產(chan)生容性無功(gong)電(dian)流的發電(dian)機。其無功(gong)補償的原理(li)是把具有(you)(you)容性功(gong)率(lv)負(fu)(fu)荷的裝(zhuang)置(zhi)和感性功(gong)率(lv)負(fu)(fu)荷并(bing)聯在同一電(dian)容器(qi)上，能量在兩種負(fu)(fu)荷間相互轉換。這樣，電(dian)網中(zhong)的變壓(ya)器(qi)和輸電(dian)線路(lu)的負(fu)(fu)荷降低，從而輸出有(you)(you)功(gong)能力增加(jia)。

02.電力電容器補償(chang)的(de)優點(dian)

電力電容(rong)(rong)器(qi)無(wu)功補償裝(zhuang)置(zhi)具有安裝(zhuang)方便，安裝(zhuang)地(di)點增減方便；有功損耗小(xiao)(僅為額(e)定(ding)容(rong)(rong)量的(de)0.4 %左右);建(jian)設(she)周期短；投(tou)資小(xiao)；無(wu)旋轉部件，運行(xing)維(wei)護簡便；個(ge)別電容(rong)(rong)器(qi)組(zu)損壞，不影響整個(ge)電容(rong)(rong)器(qi)組(zu)運行(xing)等(deng)優點。

03.無功補償方式

高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)分散補償實(shi)際(ji)就是在單(dan)臺變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)側安裝的，用(yong)以改善(shan)電源(yuan)電壓(ya)(ya)質量的無功(gong)補償電容器。其主(zhu)要用(yong)于城市(shi)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)配電中(zhong)。

高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)集中補(bu)償(chang)是(shi)(shi)指將電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器裝(zhuang)于(yu)變電(dian)站或用(yong)戶降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)變電(dian)站6 kV～10 kV高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)母(mu)線的(de)(de)(de)補(bu)償(chang)方式；電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器也可裝(zhuang)設于(yu)用(yong)戶總配電(dian)室(shi)低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)母(mu)線,適用(yong)于(yu)負荷(he)較(jiao)集中、離配電(dian)母(mu)線較(jiao)近、補(bu)償(chang)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)場所，用(yong)戶本身又有一定的(de)(de)(de)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)負荷(he)時，可減少對電(dian)力系統無功的(de)(de)(de)消耗并起到一定的(de)(de)(de)補(bu)償(chang)作用(yong)。其優點是(shi)(shi)易于(yu)實行自動投切，可合(he)理地提(ti)高用(yong)戶的(de)(de)(de)功率因素，利用(yong)率高,投資較(jiao)少，便于(yu)維護，調節方便可避免過(guo)補(bu)，改善(shan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)質量(liang)。但這(zhe)種補(bu)償(chang)方式的(de)(de)(de)補(bu)償(chang)經(jing)濟效(xiao)益(yi)較(jiao)差。

低壓(ya)分散補(bu)償(chang)就是根據(ju)個別用(yong)電(dian)設(she)備對無(wu)功(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)需要量，將單臺或(huo)多臺低壓(ya)電(dian)容器組，分散地安裝在(zai)用(yong)電(dian)設(she)備附近，以補(bu)償(chang)安裝部位前邊的(de)(de)(de)所(suo)有高(gao)低壓(ya)線路和(he)變(bian)壓(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)無(wu)功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率。其(qi)優點是用(yong)電(dian)設(she)備運(yun)行(xing)時(shi)，無(wu)功(gong)(gong)補(bu)償(chang)投入，用(yong)電(dian)設(she)備停運(yun)時(shi)，補(bu)償(chang)設(she)備也退出，可(ke)減(jian)(jian)少配電(dian)網和(he)變(bian)壓(ya)器中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)無(wu)功(gong)(gong)流(liu)動(dong)，從而減(jian)(jian)少有功(gong)(gong)損耗；可(ke)減(jian)(jian)少線路的(de)(de)(de)導線截面及變(bian)壓(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)容量,占位小。缺點是利用(yong)率低、投資(zi)大,對變(bian)速運(yun)行(xing)，正(zheng)反向運(yun)行(xing)，點動(dong)、堵轉、反接制動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)機則不適應。

低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)集中補償是(shi)指(zhi)將(jiang)低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)電容器(qi)通(tong)過低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)開關(guan)接(jie)在配電變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)母(mu)線(xian)側(ce)，以無功(gong)(gong)補償投(tou)切(qie)裝(zhuang)置作(zuo)為(wei)控制(zhi)保護(hu)裝(zhuang)置，根據低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)母(mu)線(xian)上的(de)(de)無功(gong)(gong)符(fu)合而直(zhi)接(jie)控制(zhi)電容器(qi)的(de)(de)投(tou)切(qie)。電容器(qi)的(de)(de)投(tou)切(qie)是(shi)整組進行(xing)，做不到平(ping)滑的(de)(de)調(diao)節。低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)補償的(de)(de)優點：接(jie)線(xian)簡單、運行(xing)維護(hu)工(gong)作(zuo)量小，使無功(gong)(gong)就地平(ping)衡，從而提高(gao)配變利用率，降低(di)(di)網損，具有較高(gao)的(de)(de)經濟性，是(shi)目前無功(gong)(gong)補償中常用的(de)(de)手(shou)段之(zhi)一。

技創新(xin)能力(li)成為 競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li) 的(de)關鍵(jian)因素; 的(de)關鍵(jian)因素; 各主要 都做出(chu)了基本相同的(de)戰(zhan)略選(xuan)擇 把科技創新(xin)作為 戰(zhan)略 超前部(bu)署(shu)和發展戰(zhan)略技術及產(chan)業

04.電容器補償容量的計算

無(wu)功補償(chang)容(rong)量宜按(an)無(wu)功功率曲線或(huo)無(wu)功補償(chang)計算方法(fa)確(que)定，其計算公式(shi)如下：

QC=p(tgφ1-tgφ2)或是QC=pqc(1)

Qc：補償電容器容量；

P：負(fu)荷有功功率；

COSφ1：補償前負荷功率因數；

COSφ2：補償(chang)后負(fu)荷功率因數；

qc：無功(gong)功(gong)率補償(chang)率,kvar/kw。

05.電力電容器的安全運行

1、允許運(yun)行電流

正常運(yun)(yun)行時(shi),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器應在額(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)下(xia)運(yun)(yun)行， 大運(yun)(yun)行電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)不(bu)得超過額(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的1.3倍，三相電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)差不(bu)超過5 %。

2、允許運行電壓

電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器對電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)十分敏(min)感(gan)，因電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器的(de)損耗(hao)與電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)平方成正(zheng)比，過(guo)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)會使電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器發(fa)熱嚴重，電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器絕緣會加速老化(hua)，壽命縮(suo)短,甚至電(dian)(dian)擊穿。因此，電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器裝置應(ying)在額(e)定電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)下運(yun)行(xing)，一般不(bu)宜(yi)(yi)超(chao)(chao)過(guo)額(e)定電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)1.05倍(bei)(bei)， 高運(yun)行(xing)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)不(bu)宜(yi)(yi)超(chao)(chao)過(guo)額(e)定電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)1.1倍(bei)(bei)。當母線超(chao)(chao)過(guo)1.1倍(bei)(bei)額(e)定電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)時(shi)，須采取降(jiang)溫措施(shi)。

3、諧波(bo)問題

由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)回路(lu)是一個LC電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，對于某些諧(xie)波(bo)容(rong)易產(chan)生(sheng)諧(xie)振(zhen)，易造成高次諧(xie)波(bo)，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)增加和電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓升高。且(qie)諧(xie)波(bo)的(de)這種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)非常(chang)有害，極容(rong)易使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)擊穿(chuan)引起相間(jian)短路(lu)。因此(ci)，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)在(zai)正常(chang)工作時(shi)(shi)，在(zai)必(bi)要時(shi)(shi)可(ke)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)上(shang)串聯適當(dang)的(de)感抗值的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)(qi)，以限(xian)制(zhi)諧(xie)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。

4、繼電保護(hu)問題

繼電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護主要(yao)由繼電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護成套(tao)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)實現，目前國(guo)內幾個 電(dian)(dian)氣廠(chang)家生產的(de)繼電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護裝(zhuang)置(zhi)技術(shu)都已經非常成熟，安全穩定(ding)、功能強大。繼電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護裝(zhuang)置(zhi)可以有效的(de)切除故障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)容器，是(shi) 電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)安全穩定(ding)運(yun)行的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)手段。

主(zhu)要的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)措施有：①三段式(shi)過(guo)流保(bao)護(hu)(hu)；②為防止系統穩態過(guo)壓(ya)造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器損(sun)壞而(er)設(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)；③為避免系統電(dian)(dian)(dian)源短暫停投(tou)引起電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器瞬時(shi)重合造成的(de)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)損(sun)壞而(er)設(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)；④反映(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器組(zu)中電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器的(de)內部擊穿故(gu)障而(er)配置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)不平衡電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)、不平衡電(dian)(dian)(dian)流保(bao)護(hu)(hu)或(huo)三相差電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)。

5、合閘問題

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)(zu)禁(jin)止帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)重(zhong)合(he)閘(zha)(zha)。主要(yao)是(shi)因電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)需(xu)要(yao)一定時(shi)間，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)(zu)的(de)開關(guan)跳閘(zha)(zha)后，如果(guo)馬上重(zhong)合(he)閘(zha)(zha)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)來不及放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中就(jiu)可能殘存著與重(zhong)合(he)閘(zha)(zha)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓極性(xing)相(xiang)反(fan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷，這將使合(he)閘(zha)(zha)瞬間產生很大的(de)沖擊(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，從而造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)外殼膨脹、噴油甚至爆炸。所以，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)(zu)再次合(he)閘(zha)(zha)時(shi)，必(bi)須在(zai)斷(duan)路(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)斷(duan)開3 min之后才可進(jin)行。因此，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)不允許裝(zhuang)設(she)自動重(zhong)合(he)閘(zha)(zha)裝(zhuang)置，相(xiang)反(fan)應裝(zhuang)設(she)無壓釋放自動跳閘(zha)(zha)裝(zhuang)置。

一(yi)些終端(duan)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)站往(wang)往(wang)配置有(you)備(bei)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)源自動(dong)投(tou)(tou)切(qie)裝(zhuang)置，裝(zhuang)置動(dong)作(zuo)將(jiang)故(gu)障電(dian)(dian)(dian)源切(qie)除，然后經(jing)過(guo)短暫延時投(tou)(tou)入備(bei)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)源，在這(zhe)個過(guo)程中(zhong),如(ru)果(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器組(zu)有(you)低壓自投(tou)(tou)切(qie)功能，那么電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器組(zu)將(jiang)在短時間內(nei)再次合上，這(zhe)就(jiu)會發(fa)生以(yi)上所說的(de)(de)故(gu)障。所以(yi)，安(an)裝(zhuang)有(you)備(bei)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)源自動(dong)投(tou)(tou)切(qie)裝(zhuang)置的(de)(de)系統與電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器組(zu)的(de)(de)投(tou)(tou)切(qie)問題，應(ying)值得充(chong)分(fen)的(de)(de)重視。

06.允許運行溫度

電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)正(zheng)常工作時，其周圍額定環境(jing)溫度(du)(du)一(yi)般為50 ℃～-25 ℃；其內部介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)的溫度(du)(du)應低(di)于65 ℃， 高不(bu)得超過(guo)(guo)70 ℃，否則會引起熱擊(ji)穿，或是引起鼓肚現象。電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)外殼的溫度(du)(du)是在(zai)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)溫度(du)(du)與(yu)環境(jing)溫度(du)(du)之間，不(bu)應超過(guo)(guo)55 ℃。因(yin)此，應保(bao)持電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)室(shi)內通(tong)風良好， 其運行溫度(du)(du)不(bu)超過(guo)(guo)允(yun)許值。